rt_ots.cpp

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/* This file is part of Cloudy and is copyright (C)1978-2022 by Gary J. Ferland and
 * others.  For conditions of distribution and use see copyright notice in license.txt */
/*RT_OTS compute diffuse fields due to H, He atoms, ion, triplets, metal recombination,
 * called by ConvBase  */
/*RT_OTS_AddLine add local destruction of lines to ots field */
/*RT_OTS_AddCont add local destruction of continuum to ots field */
/*RT_OTS_Update sum flux, otscon, otslin, ConInterOut, outlin, to form SummeDif, SummedCon SummedOcc */
/*RT_OTS_Zero - zero out some vectors - 
 * this is only called when code initialized by ContSetIntensity */
/*RT_OTS_ChkSum sanity check confirms summed continua reflect contents of individuals */
#include "cddefines.h"
#include "taulines.h"
#include "opacity.h"
#include "dense.h"
#include "iso.h"
#include "hmi.h"
#include "h2.h"
#include "rfield.h"
#include "conv.h"
#include "rt.h"
#include "heavy.h"
#include "he.h"
#include "trace.h"
#include "mole.h"
#include "freebound.h"
#include "two_photon.h"
#include "cosmology.h"

/* this flag may be used for debugging ots rate changes */
static int nOTS_Line_type = -1;
static int nOTS1=-1 , nOTS2=-1;
/*add local destruction of continuum to ots field */
STATIC void RT_OTS_AddCont(
        /* the ots rate itself */
        realnum ots, 
        /* pointer to continuum cell for ots, on f scale */
        long int ip);

/* =================================================================== */

void RT_OTS(void)
{
        long int
                ipla,
                ipISO ,
                nelem,
                n;
        realnum 
                difflya,
                esc,
                ots;

        /* the Bowen HeII yield 
         * >>chng 06 aug 08, from 0.3 to 0.4, update with netzer */
        const realnum BOWEN = 0.5f;
        long int ipHi, 
          ipLo;

        double bwnfac;
        double ots660;
        realnum cont_phot_destroyed;
        double save_lya_dest,
          save_he2lya_dest;

        double save_he2rec_dest;

        /*static long int nCall=0;
        ++nCall;
        fprintf(ioQQQ,"debugggtos enter %li\n", nCall );*/

        DEBUG_ENTRY( "RT_OTS()" );

        for( long i=0; i < rfield.nflux; i++ )
        {
                rfield.otslin[i] = 0.;
                rfield.otscon[i] = 0.;
        }

        /**************************************************************************
         *
         * the bowen HeII - OIII fluorescence problem
         *
         **************************************************************************/
        nOTS_Line_type = 0;
        nelem = ipHELIUM;
        if( dense.lgElmtOn[nelem] )
        {
                /* conversion per unit atom to OIII, at end of sub we divide by it,
                 * to fix lines back to proper esc/dest probs */
                bwnfac = BOWEN * MAX2(0.f,1.f- iso_sp[ipH_LIKE][nelem].trans(ipH2p,ipH1s).Emis().Pesc_total());

                /* the last factor accounts for fact that two photons are produced,
                 * and the branching ratio */
                ots660 = iso_sp[ipH_LIKE][nelem].trans(ipH2p,ipH1s).Emis().Aul()*
                  iso_sp[ipH_LIKE][nelem].st[ipH2p].Pop()*
                  /*>>chng 06 aug 08, rm 0.8 factor from below, renorm aft discuss with Netzer */
                  iso_sp[ipH_LIKE][nelem].trans(ipH2p,ipH1s).Emis().Pdest() *BOWEN*2.0;

                /* now add this to the ots field */
                if( ots660 > SMALLFLOAT ) 
                        RT_OTS_AddLine(ots660 , he.ip660 );

                /* decrease the destruction prob by the amount we will add elsewhere,
                 * ok since dest probs updated on every iteration*/
                iso_sp[ipH_LIKE][nelem].trans(ipH2p,ipH1s).Emis().Pdest() *= (realnum)bwnfac;
                ASSERT( iso_sp[ipH_LIKE][nelem].trans(ipH2p,ipH1s).Emis().Pdest() >= 0. );
                {
                        /* debugging code for line oscillation problems 
                         * most often Lya OTS oscillations*/
                        enum {DEBUG_LOC=false};
                        if( DEBUG_LOC )
                        {
                                fprintf(ioQQQ,"DEBUG HeII Bowen nzone %li bwnfac:%.2e bwnfac esc:%.2e ots660 %.2e\n",
                                        nzone,
                                        bwnfac , 
                                        bwnfac/BOWEN , 
                                        ots660 );
                        }
                }
        }

        else
        {
                bwnfac = 1.;
        }

        /* save Lya loss rates so we can reset at end */
        save_lya_dest = iso_sp[ipH_LIKE][ipHYDROGEN].trans(ipH2p,ipH1s).Emis().Pdest();

        /* this is option to kill Lya ots rates, 
         * rfield.lgLyaOTS is usually true (1), and set false (0) with
         * no lya ots command */
        iso_sp[ipH_LIKE][ipHYDROGEN].trans(ipH2p,ipH1s).Emis().Pdest() *= rfield.lgLyaOTS;

        /* option to kill heii lya and rec continua ots */
        save_he2lya_dest = iso_sp[ipH_LIKE][ipHELIUM].trans(ipH2p,ipH1s).Emis().Pdest();
        iso_sp[ipH_LIKE][ipHELIUM].trans(ipH2p,ipH1s).Emis().Pdest() *= rfield.lgHeIIOTS;

        /* option to kill heii lya and rec continua ots */
        save_he2rec_dest = iso_sp[ipH_LIKE][ipHELIUM].fb[ipH1s].RadRecomb[ipRecRad];
        iso_sp[ipH_LIKE][ipHELIUM].fb[ipH1s].RadRecomb[ipRecRad] *= rfield.lgHeIIOTS;

        nOTS_Line_type = 1;

        /* make ots fields due to lines and continua of species treated with unified 
         * isoelectronic sequence */
        /* loop over all elements */
        for( ipISO=ipH_LIKE; ipISO<NISO; ++ipISO )
        {
                for( nelem=ipISO; nelem < LIMELM; nelem++ )
                {
                        nOTS1 = ipISO;
                        nOTS2 = nelem;
                        /* do if this stage exists */
                        if( (dense.IonHigh[nelem] >= nelem+1-ipISO )  )
                        {
                                /* generate line ots rates */
                                /* now loop over all possible levels, but skip non-radiative
                                * since there is no pointer to this continuum */
                                /* >>chng 06 aug 17, should go to numLevels_local instead of _max. */
                                for( ipHi=1; ipHi < iso_sp[ipISO][nelem].numLevels_local; ipHi++ )
                                {
                                        for( ipLo=0; ipLo < ipHi; ipLo++ )
                                        {
                                                /* this signifies a fake line */
                                                /* >>chng 03 may 19, DEST0 is the smallest possible
                                                 * dest prob - not a real number, don't add to ots field */
                                                if( iso_sp[ipISO][nelem].trans(ipHi,ipLo).ipCont() < 1 ||
                                                        iso_sp[ipISO][nelem].trans(ipHi,ipLo).Emis().Pdest()<= DEST0 )
                                                        continue;

                                                /* ots rates, the destp prob was set in hydropesc */
                                                iso_sp[ipISO][nelem].trans(ipHi,ipLo).Emis().ots() = 
                                                        iso_sp[ipISO][nelem].trans(ipHi,ipLo).Emis().Aul()*
                                                        iso_sp[ipISO][nelem].st[ipHi].Pop()*
                                                        iso_sp[ipISO][nelem].trans(ipHi,ipLo).Emis().Pdest();

                                                ASSERT( iso_sp[ipISO][nelem].trans(ipHi,ipLo).Emis().ots() >= 0. );
                                                /* way to kill lyalpha ots rates
                                                if( nelem==ipHYDROGEN && ipHi==ipH2p && ipLo==ipH1s )
                                                {
                                                        iso_sp[ipISO][nelem].trans(ipHi,ipLo).Emis().ots() = 0.;
                                                } */

                                                /* finally dump the ots rate into the stack */
                                                if( iso_sp[ipISO][nelem].trans(ipHi,ipLo).Emis().ots() > SMALLFLOAT ) 
                                                        RT_OTS_AddLine(iso_sp[ipISO][nelem].trans(ipHi,ipLo).Emis().ots(),
                                                                iso_sp[ipISO][nelem].trans(ipHi,ipLo).ipCont() );
                                        }
                                }
                                {
                                        /* debugging code for line oscillation problems 
                                         * most often Lya OTS oscillations*/
                                        /*@-redef@*/
                                        enum {DEBUG_LOC=false};
                                        /*@+redef@*/
                                        if( DEBUG_LOC )
                                        {
                                                long ip;
                                                if( ipISO==0 && nelem==0  && nzone>500  ) 
                                                {
                                                        ipHi = 2;
                                                        ipLo = 0;
                                                        ip = iso_sp[ipISO][nelem].trans(ipHi,ipLo).ipCont();
                                                        fprintf(ioQQQ,"DEBUG hlyaots\t%.2f\tEdenTrue\t%.2e\t%.2e\t%.2e\t%.2e\t%.2e\t%.2e\t%.2e\n",
                                                                fnzone, 
                                                                dense.EdenTrue ,
                                                                iso_sp[ipISO][nelem].trans(ipHi,ipLo).Emis().ots(),
                                                                opac.opacity_abs[ip-1],
                                                                iso_sp[ipISO][nelem].st[ipHi].Pop(),
                                                                dense.xIonDense[nelem][nelem+1-ipISO],
                                                                iso_sp[ipISO][nelem].trans(ipHi,ipLo).Emis().Pdest(),
                                                                rfield.otslin[ip-1]);
                                                }
                                        }
                                }

                                /**************************************************************************
                                *
                                * ots recombination bound-free b-f continua continuum
                                *
                                **************************************************************************/

                                /* put in OTS continuum */
                                /* >>chng 06 aug 17, should go to numLevels_local instead of _max. */
                                for( n=0; n < iso_sp[ipISO][nelem].numLevels_local; n++ )
                                {
                                        cont_phot_destroyed = (realnum)(iso_sp[ipISO][nelem].fb[n].RadRecomb[ipRecRad]*
                                                (1. - iso_sp[ipISO][nelem].fb[n].RadRecomb[ipRecEsc])*dense.eden*
                                                dense.xIonDense[nelem][nelem+1-ipISO]);
                                        ASSERT( cont_phot_destroyed >= 0. );

                                        /* continuum energy index used in this routine is decremented by one there */
                                        RT_OTS_AddCont(cont_phot_destroyed,iso_sp[ipISO][nelem].fb[n].ipIsoLevNIonCon);
                                        /* debugging code for rec continua */
                                        {
                                                /*@-redef@*/
                                                enum {DEBUG_LOC=false};
                                                /*@+redef@*/
                                                if( DEBUG_LOC && nzone > 400 && nelem==0 && n==2 )
                                                {
                                                        long ip = iso_sp[ipISO][nelem].fb[n].ipIsoLevNIonCon-1;
                                                        fprintf(ioQQQ,"hotsdebugg\t%.3f\t%li\th con ots\t%.2e\t%.2e\t%.2e\t%.2e\t%.2e\t%.2e\t%.2e\n",
                                                                fnzone, 
                                                                n ,
                                                                iso_sp[ipISO][nelem].st[n].Pop(),
                                                                cont_phot_destroyed,
                                                                cont_phot_destroyed/opac.opacity_abs[ip],
                                                                rfield.otscon[ip] ,
                                                                opac.opacity_abs[ip] ,
                                                                findspecieslocal("H-")->den ,
                                                                hmi.HMinus_photo_rate);
                                                }
                                        }
                                }
                        }
                }
        }
        /* more debugging code for rec continua */
        {
                enum {DEBUG_LOC=false};
                if( DEBUG_LOC )
                {
                        nelem = 0;
                        fprintf(ioQQQ,"hotsdebugg %li \t%.2e\t%.2e\t%.2e\t%.2e\t%.2e\t%.2e\t%.2e\n",
                                nzone, 
                                rfield.otscon[iso_sp[ipH_LIKE][nelem].fb[0].ipIsoLevNIonCon-1],
                                rfield.otscon[iso_sp[ipH_LIKE][nelem].fb[1].ipIsoLevNIonCon-1],
                                rfield.otscon[iso_sp[ipH_LIKE][nelem].fb[3].ipIsoLevNIonCon-1],
                                rfield.otscon[iso_sp[ipH_LIKE][nelem].fb[4].ipIsoLevNIonCon-1],
                                rfield.otscon[iso_sp[ipH_LIKE][nelem].fb[5].ipIsoLevNIonCon-1],
                                rfield.otscon[iso_sp[ipH_LIKE][nelem].fb[6].ipIsoLevNIonCon-1],
                                opac.opacity_abs[iso_sp[ipH_LIKE][nelem].fb[6].ipIsoLevNIonCon-1]);
                }
        }

        /* now reset Lya dest prob in case is was clobbered by rfield.lgHeIIOTS */
        iso_sp[ipH_LIKE][ipHYDROGEN].trans(ipH2p,ipH1s).Emis().Pdest() = (realnum)save_lya_dest;
        iso_sp[ipH_LIKE][ipHELIUM].trans(ipH2p,ipH1s).Emis().Pdest() = (realnum)save_he2lya_dest;
        iso_sp[ipH_LIKE][ipHELIUM].fb[ipH1s].RadRecomb[ipRecRad] = save_he2rec_dest;

        nelem = ipHELIUM;
        if( dense.lgElmtOn[nelem] && bwnfac > 0. )
        {
                /* increase the destruction prob by the amount we decreased it above */
                iso_sp[ipH_LIKE][ipHELIUM].trans(ipH2p,ipH1s).Emis().Pdest() /= (realnum)bwnfac;
        }

        if( trace.lgTrace )
        {
                fprintf(ioQQQ,"     RT_OTS Pdest %.2e ots rate %.2e in otslin %.2e con opac %.2e\n",
                        iso_sp[ipH_LIKE][ipHYDROGEN].trans(ipH2p,ipH1s).Emis().Pdest(), 
                        iso_sp[ipH_LIKE][ipHYDROGEN].trans(ipH2p,ipH1s).Emis().ots() , 
                        rfield.otslin[iso_sp[ipH_LIKE][ipHYDROGEN].trans(ipH2p,ipH1s).ipCont()-1]  ,
                        opac.opacity_abs[iso_sp[ipH_LIKE][ipHYDROGEN].trans(ipH2p,ipH1s).ipCont()-1]
                        );
        }

        nOTS_Line_type = 2;
        /* recombination Lya for all elements not yet converted into std isoelectronc form */
        for( nelem=NISO; nelem < LIMELM; nelem++ )
        {
                long int ion;
                /* do not include species treated in iso-electronic fashion in the following,
                 * these were treated above */
                for( ion=0; ion < nelem+1-NISO; ion++ )
                {
                        if( dense.xIonDense[nelem][ion+1] > 0. )
                        {
                                nOTS1 = nelem;
                                nOTS2 = ion;
                                /* now do the recombination Lya */
                                ipla = Heavy.ipLyHeavy[nelem][ion];
                                ASSERT( ipla>0 );
                                esc = opac.ExpmTau[ipla-1];
                                /* xLyaHeavy is set to a fraction of total rad rec in ion_recomb, includes eden */
                                difflya = Heavy.xLyaHeavy[nelem][ion]*dense.xIonDense[nelem][ion+1];
                                /* >>chng 00 dec 22, from MIN2 to MAX2, MIN2 had effect of always
                                 * setting the ots rates to zero */
                                ots = difflya*MAX2(0.f,1.f-esc);
                                /*if( nelem==6 && ion==2 )
                                        fprintf(ioQQQ," debugggnly\t %.2f\t%.2e\n",fnzone, ots );*/
                                ASSERT( ots >= 0.);
                                /*if( iteration == 2 && nzone>290 && ipla== 2339 )
                                        fprintf(ioQQQ,"recdebugg1 %.2e %li %li %.2e %.2e \n", 
                                        ots, nelem, ion,
                                        esc , dense.xIonDense[nelem][ion+1]);*/
                                if( ots > SMALLFLOAT ) 
                                        RT_OTS_AddLine(ots,ipla);

                                /* now do the recombination balmer lines */
                                ipla = Heavy.ipBalHeavy[nelem][ion];
                                esc = opac.ExpmTau[ipla-1];
                                /* xLyaHeavy is set to a fraction of total rad rec in ion_recomb, includes eden */
                                difflya = Heavy.xLyaHeavy[nelem][ion]*dense.xIonDense[nelem][ion+1];
                                /* >>chng 00 dec 22, from MIN2 to MAX2, MIN2 had effect of always
                                 * setting the ots rates to zero */
                                ots = difflya*MAX2(0.f,1.f-esc);
                                ASSERT( ots >= 0.);
                                /*if( iteration == 2 &&nzone==294 && ipla== 2339 )
                                        fprintf(ioQQQ,"recdebugg2 %.2e %li %li\n", ots, nelem, ion );*/
                                if( ots > SMALLFLOAT ) 
                                        RT_OTS_AddLine(ots,ipla);
                        }
                }
        }

        nOTS_Line_type = 5;
        /* do the level2 level 2 lines */
        for( nOTS1=0; nOTS1 < nWindLine; nOTS1++ )
        {
                if( (*TauLine2[nOTS1].Hi()).IonStg() < (*TauLine2[nOTS1].Hi()).nelem()+1-NISO )
                {
                        TauLine2[nOTS1].Emis().ots() = (*TauLine2[nOTS1].Hi()).Pop() * TauLine2[nOTS1].Emis().Aul() * TauLine2[nOTS1].Emis().Pdest();
                        if( TauLine2[nOTS1].Emis().ots() > SMALLFLOAT ) 
                                RT_OTS_AddLine( TauLine2[nOTS1].Emis().ots() , TauLine2[nOTS1].ipCont());
                }
        }

        nOTS_Line_type = 6;
        for( long ipSpecies=0; ipSpecies<nSpecies; ipSpecies++ )
        {
                if( dBaseSpecies[ipSpecies].lgActive )
                {
                        for(TransitionList::iterator tr = dBaseTrans[ipSpecies].begin();
                                 tr != dBaseTrans[ipSpecies].end(); ++tr)
                        {
                                int ipHi = (*tr).ipHi();
                                if (ipHi >= dBaseSpecies[ipSpecies].numLevels_local || (*tr).ipCont() <= 0)
                                        continue;
                                (*tr).Emis().ots() = (*(*tr).Hi()).Pop() * (*tr).Emis().Aul() * (*tr).Emis().Pdest();
                                RT_OTS_AddLine( (*tr).Emis().ots() , (*tr).ipCont());
                        }
                }
        }

        nOTS_Line_type = 7;
        /* the large H2 molecule */
        for( diatom_iter diatom = diatoms.begin(); diatom != diatoms.end(); ++diatom )
                (*diatom)->H2_RT_OTS();

        return;
}

/* =================================================================== */

void RT_OTS_AddLine(double ots, 
        /* pointer on the f scale */
  long int ip )
{

        DEBUG_ENTRY( "RT_OTS_AddLine()" );

        /* add ots due to line destruction to radiation field */

        /* return if outside bounds of this continuum source, ip > rfield.nflux
         * first case ip==0 happens when called with dummy line */
        if( ip==0 || ip > rfield.nflux )
        { 
                return;
        }

        /*the local ots rate must be non-negative */
        ASSERT( ots >= 0. );
        /* continuum pointer must be positive */
        ASSERT( ip > 0 );

        /* add locally destroyed flux of photons to line OTS array */
        /* check whether local gas opacity  (units cm-1) is positive, if so
         * convert line destruction rate into ots rate by dividing by it */
        if( opac.opacity_abs[ip-1] > 0. )
        {
                rfield.otslin[ip-1] += (realnum)(ots/opac.opacity_abs[ip-1]);
        }
        /* first iteration is 1, second is two */
        {
                enum {DEBUG_LOC=false};
                if( DEBUG_LOC && /*iteration == 2 && nzone>294 &&*/ ip== 2363 /*&& ots > 1e16*/)
                {
                        fprintf(ioQQQ,"DEBUG ots, opc, otsr %.3e\t%.3e\t%.3e\t",
                                ots ,
                                opac.opacity_abs[ip-1],
                                ots/opac.opacity_abs[ip-1] );
                        fprintf(ioQQQ,"iteration %li type %i %i %i \n", 
                                iteration, 
                                nOTS_Line_type,
                                nOTS1,nOTS2 );
                }
        }
        return;
}

/* =================================================================== */

/*add local destruction of continuum to ots field */
STATIC void RT_OTS_AddCont(
                                        /* the ots rate itself */
                                        realnum ots, 
                                        /* pointer to continuum cell for ots, on f scale */
                                        long int ip)
{

        DEBUG_ENTRY( "RT_OTS_AddCont()" );

        /* 
         * routine called to add ots due to continuum destruction to
         * radiation field
         */

        /* check if outside bounds of this continuum source */
        if( ip > rfield.nflux )
        { 
                return;
        }

        ASSERT( ip > 0 );
        ASSERT( ots >= 0. );
        ASSERT( ip <= rfield.nflux_with_check );

        /* add locally destroyed flux of photons to continuum OTS array */
        /* check whether local gas opacity  (units cm-1) is positive, if so
         * convert continuum destruction rate into ots rate by dividing by it */
        if( opac.opacity_abs[ip-1] > 0. )
        {
                rfield.otscon[ip-1] += (realnum)(ots/opac.opacity_abs[ip-1]);
        }
        return;
}

/* =================================================================== */

/*RT_OTS_Update update ots rates, called in ConvBase */
void RT_OTS_Update(double *SumOTS) /* summed ots rates */
{
        long int i;

        DEBUG_ENTRY( "RT_OTS_Update()" );

        /* option to kill ots rates with no ots lines command */
        if( rfield.lgKillOTSLine )
        {
                for( i=0; i < rfield.nflux; i++ )
                {
                        rfield.otslin[i] = 0.;
                }
        }
        
        memset(rfield.ConOTS_local_photons , 0 , (unsigned)rfield.nflux_with_check*sizeof(realnum) );
        for( long ipISO=ipH_LIKE; ipISO<NISO; ++ipISO )
        {
                /* >>chng 01 sep 23, rewrote for iso sequences */
                for( long nelem=ipISO; nelem < LIMELM; nelem++ )
                {       
                        if( dense.IonHigh[nelem] >= nelem+1-ipISO  )
                        {
                                t_iso_sp* sp = &iso_sp[ipISO][nelem];
                                
                                for( vector<two_photon>::iterator tnu = sp->TwoNu.begin(); tnu != sp->TwoNu.end(); ++tnu )
                                {
                                        CalcTwoPhotonEmission( *tnu, rfield.lgInducProcess && iso_ctrl.lgInd2nu_On );
                                        for( long nu=0; nu < tnu->ipTwoPhoE; nu++ )
                                        {
                                                rfield.ConOTS_local_photons[nu] += tnu->local_emis[nu] * (1.f - opac.ExpmTau[nu]);
                                        }
                                }
                        }
                }
        }

        /* remember largest change in ots rates */
        *SumOTS = 0.;
        /* now update new ots rates */
        for( i=0; i < rfield.nflux; ++i )
        {
                double CurrentInverseOpacity = 1./MAX2( SMALLDOUBLE , opac.opacity_abs[i] );

                /* this is local ots continuum created by destroyed diffuse continua, 
                 * currently only two-photon */
                rfield.ConOTS_local_OTS_rate[i] = (realnum)((double)rfield.ConOTS_local_photons[i]*CurrentInverseOpacity);              

                /* remember sum of ots rates for convergence criteria */
                *SumOTS += (rfield.otscon[i] + rfield.otslin[i])*opac.opacity_abs[i];

                if( !cosmology.lgDo )
                {
                        rfield.SummedDif[i] = rfield.otscon[i] + rfield.otslin[i] + rfield.outlin_noplot[i]+ 
                                rfield.ConInterOut[i]*rfield.lgOutOnly + rfield.outlin[0][i] +
                                rfield.ConOTS_local_OTS_rate[i];
                }

                rfield.SummedCon[i] = rfield.flux[0][i] + rfield.SummedDif[i];
                rfield.SummedOcc[i] = rfield.SummedCon[i]*rfield.convoc[i];
        }

        rfield.setTrimming();

        /* sum of accumulated flux from particular frequency to infinity */
        rfield.flux_accum[rfield.nflux-1] = 0.;
        for( i=1; i < rfield.nflux; i++ )
        {
                rfield.flux_accum[rfield.nflux-i-1] = rfield.flux_accum[rfield.nflux-i] +
                        rfield.SummedCon[rfield.nflux-i-1];
        }

        /* >>chng 02 jul 23, set to black body at local temp if in optically thick continuum,
         * between plasma frequency and energy where brems is thin */
        ASSERT( rfield.ipPlasma > 0 );

        /* all radiation fields are zero below plasma frequency */
        for( i=0; i < rfield.ipPlasma-1; i++ )
        {
                rfield.otscon[i] = 0.;
                rfield.ConOTS_local_OTS_rate[i] = 0.;
                rfield.ConOTS_local_photons[i] = 0.;
                rfield.otslin[i] = 0.;
                rfield.SummedDif[i] = 0.;
                rfield.SummedCon[i] = 0.;
                rfield.SummedOcc[i] = 0.;
                rfield.ConInterOut[i] = 0.;
        }
        return;
}

/* =================================================================== */

/*RT_OTS_Zero zero out some vectors - this is only called when code 
 * initialized by ContSetIntensity */
void RT_OTS_Zero( void )
{
        long int i;

        DEBUG_ENTRY( "RT_OTS_Zero()" );

        /* this loop goes up to nflux itself (<=) since the highest cell
         * will be used to pass unity through the code to verify integrations */
        for( i=0; i <= rfield.nflux; i++ )
        {
                rfield.SummedDif[i] = 0.;
                /* the main ots vectors */
                rfield.otscon[i] = 0.;
                rfield.otslin[i] = 0.;

                rfield.ConInterOut[i] = 0.;
                rfield.outlin[0][i] = 0.;
                rfield.outlin_noplot[i] = 0.;
                rfield.SummedDif[i] = 0.;
                /* "zero" for the summed con will be just the incident radiation field */
                rfield.SummedCon[i] = rfield.flux[0][i];
                rfield.SummedOcc[i] = rfield.SummedCon[i]*rfield.convoc[i];
                rfield.ConOTS_local_photons[i] = 0.;
                rfield.ConOTS_local_OTS_rate[i] = 0.;
        }

        rfield.setTrimming();

        rfield.resetCoarseTransCoef();
        return;
}

/* =================================================================== */

/*RT_OTS_ChkSum sanity check confirms summed continua reflect contents of individuals */
void RT_OTS_ChkSum(long int ipPnt)
{
        static long int nInsane=0;
        long int i;
        double phisig;
        const int LIM_INSAME_PRT = 30;

        DEBUG_ENTRY( "RT_OTS_ChkSum()" );

        /* this entire sub is a sanity check */
        /* >>chng 02 jul 23, lower bound from 0 to rfield.ipEnergyBremsThin - since now
         * set radiation field to black body below this energy */
        for( i=rfield.ipEnergyBremsThin; i < rfield.nflux; i++ )
        {
                phisig = rfield.otscon[i] + rfield.otslin[i] + rfield.ConInterOut[i]*rfield.lgOutOnly + 
                  rfield.outlin[0][i]+
                  rfield.outlin_noplot[i]+
                  rfield.ConOTS_local_OTS_rate[i];
                /* >>chng 02 sep 19, add sec test on SummedDif since it can be zero whild 
                 * phisig is just above small float */
                if( phisig > 0. && rfield.SummedDif[i]> 0.)
                {
                        if( fabs(rfield.SummedDif[i]/phisig-1.) > 1e-3 )
                        {
                                ++nInsane;
                                /* limit amount of printout - in many failures would print entire
                                 * continuum array */
                                if( nInsane < LIM_INSAME_PRT )
                                {
                                        fprintf( ioQQQ, " PROBLEM RT_OTS_ChkSum insane SummedDif at energy %.5e error= %.2e i=%4ld\n", 
                                        rfield.anu(i), rfield.SummedDif[i]/phisig - 1., i );
                                        fprintf( ioQQQ, " SummedDif, sum are%11.4e%11.4e\n", 
                                        rfield.SummedDif[i], phisig );
                                        fprintf( ioQQQ, " otscon otslin ConInterOut outlin are%11.4e%11.4e%11.4e%11.4e\n", 
                                        rfield.otscon[i], rfield.otslin[i]+rfield.outlin_noplot[i], rfield.ConInterOut[i], 
                                        rfield.outlin[0][i]+rfield.outlin_noplot[i] );
                                        fprintf( ioQQQ, " line continuum here are %4.4s %4.4s\n", 
                                        rfield.chLineLabel[i].c_str(), rfield.chContLabel[i].c_str() );
                                }
                        }
                }

                phisig += rfield.flux[0][i];
                /* >>chng 02 sep 19, add sec test on SummedDif since it can be zero when 
                 * phisig is just above small float */
                if( phisig > 0. && rfield.SummedDif[i]> 0. )
                {
                        if( fabs(rfield.SummedCon[i]/phisig-1.) > 1e-3 )
                        {
                                ++nInsane;
                                /* limit amount of printout - in many failures would print entire
                                 * continuum array */
                                if( nInsane < LIM_INSAME_PRT )
                                {
                                        fprintf( ioQQQ, " PROBLEM RT_OTS_ChkSum %3ld, insane SummedCon at energy %.5e error=%.2e i=%ld\n", 
                                        ipPnt, rfield.anu(i), rfield.SummedCon[i]/phisig - 1., i );
                                        fprintf( ioQQQ, " SummedCon, sum are %.4e %.4e\n", 
                                        rfield.SummedCon[i], phisig );
                                        fprintf( ioQQQ, " otscon otslin ConInterOut outlin flux are%.4e %.4e %.4e %.4e %.4e\n", 
                                        rfield.otscon[i], rfield.otslin[i]+rfield.outlin_noplot[i], rfield.ConInterOut[i], 
                                        rfield.outlin[0][i]+rfield.outlin_noplot[i], rfield.flux[0][i] );
                                        fprintf( ioQQQ, " line continuum here are %s %s\n", 
                                        rfield.chLineLabel[i].c_str(), rfield.chContLabel[i].c_str()
                                        );
                                }
                        }
                }
        }

        if( nInsane > 0 )
        {
                fprintf( ioQQQ, " PROBLEM RT_OTS_ChkSum too much insanity to continue.\n");
                /* TotalInsanity exits after announcing a problem */
                TotalInsanity();
        }
        return;
}

/* =================================================================== */

/*RT_OTS_PrtRate print continuum and line ots rates when trace ots is on */
void RT_OTS_PrtRate(
          /* weakest rate to print */
          double weak ,
          /* flag, 'c' continuum, 'l' line, 'b' both */
          int chFlag )
{
        long int i;

        DEBUG_ENTRY( "RT_OTS_PrtRate()" );

        /* arg must be one of these three */
        ASSERT( chFlag=='l' || chFlag=='c' || chFlag=='b' );

        /* 
         * both printouts have cell number (on C array scale)
         * energy in ryd
         * the actual value of the ots rate 
         * the ots rate relative to the continuum at that energy 
         * rate times opacity 
         * all are only printed if greater than weak 
         */

        /*===================================================================*/
        /* first print ots continua                                          */
        /*===================================================================*/
        if( chFlag == 'c' || chFlag == 'b' )
        {
                fprintf( ioQQQ, "     DEBUG OTSCON array, anu, otscon, opac, OTS*opac limit:%.2e zone:%.2f IonConv?%c\n",
                                        weak,fnzone ,TorF(conv.lgConvIoniz()) );

                for( i=0; i < rfield.nflux_with_check; i++ )
                {
                        if( rfield.otscon[i]*opac.opacity_abs[i] > weak )
                        {
                                fprintf( ioQQQ, "     %4ld%12.4e%12.4e%12.4e%12.4e %s \n", 
                                  i, 
                                  rfield.anu(i), 
                                  rfield.otscon[i], 
                                  opac.opacity_abs[i], 
                                  rfield.otscon[i]*opac.opacity_abs[i], 
                                  rfield.chContLabel[i].c_str());

                        }
                }
        }

        /*===================================================================*/
        /* second print ots line rates                                       */
        /*===================================================================*/
        if( chFlag == 'l' || chFlag == 'b' )
        {
                fprintf( ioQQQ, "DEBUG density He %.2e He+2 %.2e O+2 %.2e\n",
                        dense.gas_phase[ipHELIUM] , dense.xIonDense[ipHELIUM][2],
                        dense.xIonDense[ipOXYGEN][2] );
                fprintf( ioQQQ, "     DEBUG OTSLIN array, anu, otslin, opac, OTS*opac Lab nLine limit:%.2e zone:%.2f IonConv?%c\n",
                                        weak,fnzone,TorF(conv.lgConvIoniz()) );

                for( i=0; i < rfield.nflux_with_check; i++ )
                {
                        if( rfield.otslin[i]*opac.opacity_abs[i] > weak )
                        {
                                fprintf( ioQQQ, "     %4ld%12.4e%12.4e%12.4e%12.4e %s %3li\n", 
                                  i, 
                                  rfield.anu(i), 
                                  rfield.otslin[i], 
                                  opac.opacity_abs[i],
                                  rfield.otslin[i]*opac.opacity_abs[i],
                                  rfield.chLineLabel[i].c_str() ,
                                  rfield.line_count[i] );
                        }
                }
        }
        return;
}